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    Chronological July 30, 2015

    What Does Science Say: How much do public defenders know about the reliability of child witnesses?

    Written by andrew.davies

    Take home message: This new research shows public defenders in a South-Eastern state have better knowledge of the science on child witness reliability than jury-eligible laypeople (a sample of college students) but not as good as forensic psychologists. Defenders should consider improving training in this area, retention of experts when needed, and the limited knowledge of the average juror.

    Full report: Julie Buck, Amye Warren, Maggie Bruck & Kathryn Kuehle (2014), “How Common is ‘Common Knowledge’ About Child Witnesses Among Legal Professionals? Comparing Intervieweds, Public Defenders, and Foresnic Psychologists with Laypeople.”Behavioral Sciences and the Law.

    Link:http://www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bsl.2150/abstract

    Sample: 137 public defenders from a south-eastern state in the U.S. Also surveyed were 39 forensic psychologists, 44 investigative interviewers, and 192 jury-eligible college students.



    The Details: The researchers asked 12 questions of public defenders, forensic psychologists, ‘investigative interviewers’ (employees of child protective services, child advocacy centers, and sheriff’s departments) and jury-eligible college students. The questions concerned the reliability of child witness testimony and addressed issues of almost unanimous scientific consensus.

    The researchers found: Public defenders were only 56|PERCENT| accurate in their knowledge.

    Public defenders with more experience of child abuse cases were significantly more knowledgeable, but far from flawless (67|PERCENT| accurate).

    Forensic psychologists were significantly more accurate than other groups (overall accuracy rate of 80|PERCENT|).

    Public defenders were generally more skeptical of child witness accuracy than other professionals, though this skepticism did not extend to the use of anatomical dolls, which have been shown to increase false reports of abuse in children.

    The results for public defenders are below:
     

    Item Correct answer |PERCENT| Public defenders correct
    1. When asked an open-ended question,
    such as “What happened next?”, young children's answers are usually as
    accurate as those of adults.    		 Yes 16|PERCENT|
    2. When asked a strongly leading
    question, such as “He told you to keep it a secret, didn't he?”, young
    children's answers are usually as accurate as those of adults.    		 No 84|PERCENT|
    3. It is necessary to ask leading
    questions to get young children to disclose abuse, because they are too
    afraid or embarrassed to report it.    		 No 55|PERCENT|
    4. If an interviewer believes that
    abuse occurred, then it is okay for the interviewer to ask the child
    suggestive questions (e.g., “Did he touch your private parts?”).    		 No 65|PERCENT|
    5. Suggestive questioning (e.g., “Did
    he touch your private parts with his hand?”) by an interviewer is okay once
    the child has already disclosed sexual abuse.    		 No 56|PERCENT|
    6. If a young child does not report
    or does not seem to remember much information, it is okay for an interviewer
    to ask what might have
    happened or what they think happened.    		 No 90|PERCENT|
    7. If an interviewer believes that a
    child has been abused even though the child denies it, the interviewer should
    keep interviewing the child until he or she discloses abuse.    		 No 85|PERCENT|
    8. When
    questioning a child about sexual abuse, an interviewer should say things such
    as, “Don't be afraid to tell me what she did to you” or “You will feel better
    once you tell me.”    		 No 57|PERCENT|
    9. If a young child provides
    inconsistent information over time (adds some details and drops others), it
    means an abuse allegation is false.    		 No 57|PERCENT|
    10. If children play in a sexual way
    (demonstrate sexual touching) with anatomically detailed dolls, it means they
    have been sexually abused.    		 No 75|PERCENT|
    11. Using anatomically detailed dolls
    (dolls with genitals) increases the amount of accurate information that young
    children report.    		 No 29|PERCENT|
    12. Using anatomically detailed dolls
    increases the amount of false information that young children report.    		 Yes 26|PERCENT|
    Overall accuracy rate   56|PERCENT|

    For more information about the findings in this study, or to discuss how to apply it to direct advocacy, please contact Andy Davies through the form below.